What were three outcomes of Spanish Exploration? explored isthmus of panama. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Portugal's wealth increased due to its control of the spice trade with India. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages. Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. Conquistadores Claim Land and Treasure (1500s) Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro took over lots of land from Native Americans in South America and North America. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. Map showing the routes to the Far East. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? Open Document. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. Menu and widgets They stayed because of the wealth found in the region. flashcard sets. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. For them, the dungeon of Elmina was their last sight of their home country. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Spain and Portugal were neighboring kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula and fierce competitors exploring the African coastline. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. They are most beautiful, of a thousand varied forms, accessible, and full of trees of endless varieties, so high that they seem to touch the sky, and I have been told that they never lose their foliage. Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Gold became the biggest source of income for the Portuguese crown. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. These lands comprised most of the Americas. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. A fortified trading post, it had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland toward continental Africa; the Portuguese had greater fear of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. As many of those eventually sank, shipwrecks may represent a local source of mercury contamination in the marine environment. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Location of the Strait of Magellan. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. 4 What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. He spent most of his life in the Americas advocating for the natives. De Gama's successful venture created a greater demand than ever before for overseas trades along the African coast. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. After Christopher Columbus bumped into the New World in 1492, a string of explorers and conquistadors set about claiming territory for Spain. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. . Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. Hoping to salvage Portugals Atlantic holdings, King Joo II began negotiations with Spain. 1015 Words. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. How did Exploration impact the world? When we read them now, we need to take the descriptions with a grain of salt. This phenomenon is named after the physics of whip cracking. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. All rights reserved. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. They also attempted, sometimes more successfully than others, to conquer the Amerindians and force them to work and pay tribute. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. The world was opening up, and people were realizing how big it really was. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Any other uses, such as conference presentations, commercial training progams, news web sites or consulting reports, are FORBIDDEN. Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. An error occurred trying to load this video. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. Spanish and Portuguese exploration brought a variety of Western ideas to the new world, including dress and leadership positions like that of the governor. In this context, the Portuguese and the Spanish became the first countries to explore the Atlantic consistently, finding routes around Africa to the East and new continents untouched by European expansion. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. The Portuguese took firm control of trade with the Far East. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. It began with the Vikings' brief stint . Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? They also found a sea route to India. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. What is the effect of Spanish and Portuguese Exploration? Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The Spaniards moved north, too. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Hispaniola is a marvel. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. Posted on . The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. It didn't take long for other Spaniards to realize that Columbus had stumbled upon something completely new, and they decided to stay. Their son, Martn, may have been the first mestizo (person of mixed indigenous American and European descent). On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. 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