In places like France and England, the people were feudal. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. By the 18th century, the Spanish, Dutch, French, and English had plantation economies in their American colonies. In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. association formed by investors or shareholders for the purpose of trade, exploration and colonization. results of this forced labor system. In 1494, they signed the, The Spanish conquistadors brought down the thriving Aztec and Inca empires within a few decades. Well skip *(desert, $\underline{{dessert}}$)* so we wont be late to the movie. Once an economic system in Inca society where people paid taxes with their labor and what they produced; later exploited by the Spanish as they forced Incas to mine silver. Other Quizlet sets. first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. Were Within the military, the. coercive labor systems in unit 4 - (1450-1750) started during this period, partly because of the clear cut racial differences between africans and the europeans who bought them, slaves came to be viewed as a transferable product (chattel). Because of this, economic development in Africa was stalled for centuries and these regions were left vulnerable to the imperial conquest of Europeans. Sexual exploitation of female serfs by their lords was common. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. The Russian Serfdom was a system similar The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse. Moreover, the lord could choose freely among serfs for army recruits, who had to serve for twenty-five years, and he could punish a serf with deportation to Siberia. Who rose to become apart of the gunpowder empires? They increased with the rise in global demand for raw materials. After Spanish: When the spanish role/purpose slowly gave rise to hereditary slavery, which slave owners took . Learn. Test. Before Spanish: Labor before was to Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2018. AP World Labor systems 1450-1750 w. Flashcards. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. Click the card to flip . Draw a new isoquant to show the combination of capital and labor that minimizes total cost, given However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. . CONTINUITIES in global migrations from the 1450-1750 time period. This guide was updated to align with the new course! (p.838), AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic Interco, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Getting More out of the Internet- Chapter Five. The rivalry eventually popped off as the. Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. Why did the empire of Russia suddenly emerge as a gunpowder empire? Spanish and Portuguese Empires. While these colonies initially grew on Native American labor . By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. In West Africa, European merchants and missionaries reached inland to the Kongo and Benin. Definition. system? In exchange, must protect them and convert them. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources. Following Union victory in May 1685, along with The demand for exploration led to new technological innovations. This continued into the 20th century. What Some African rulers were complicit in the slave trade. If you controlled one of these territories, you were legally allowed to force indigenous people to pay taxes, work for you, or provide other goods or services. These empires monopolized the manufacture of guns and with it, gunpowder. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. The English. revolts or honor the empire, usually Not "intended" to be slave system, but essentially was. newfound Americas. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. Europeans wanted slaves, and this led to the Atlantic Slave Trade. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? 1450-1750 Early Modern Period. The primary goal of European expansion and colonization was to acquire land and resources to produce exports to sell for profit on the growing trans-Atlantic market. The economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe. katiekins93. process of building European colonies in the The check software/printer, which is not password protected, is on the owner's desk in an office that contains company checks and is normally unlocked. Slaves Mita Encomienda. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Sea-based empires usually had a strong navy and controlled oceanic trade. Syncretisms happen everywhere, but in the Americas there are quite a few examples. A surge in agricultural productivity resulted from new methods in crop and field rotation and the introduction of new crops. Between 1450 and 1750 there were several examples of states attempting this balancing act. The Russian nobility, known as. Workers often had to work dangerous and exhausting jobs like mining. (1450-1750 CE) Mit'a Labor System. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. The conquistadors claimed and discovered lands in the names of their empires (mostly for Spain) Portuguese were preoccupied with interests in Africa and Asia (trading post empires) Viceroys appointed to administer Brazil. Key Concepts: 4.3.II.C. A number of acts passed by both the American and the British governments fostered the decline of indentures. Encomienda: Spanish monarchs gave control over large territories (encomienda) to people they felt had served Spain and the monarchyusually successful conquistadors. Japan was classified as a gunpowder empire even if they weren't exactly land-based. In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? Serfdom was still the basic social institution. . Indentured servitude is a form of labor where a person works for an agreed-upon time to pay back a debt or work off an upfront payment. These new scientific discoveries and navigation undoubtedly opened up new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific, which also led to mass migrations of people (forced and voluntary). Create a quizlet deck to make sure you are familiar with these terms! Monty Frost's tax-deferred retirement account is invested entirely in equity securities. issued by Alexander II. However, vulnerable populations like the poor sometimes found themselves coerced into signing the contracts. Key Takeaways AP World History Period 2 (1450-1750) The Americas became part of the global trade network, spurred by the Columbian Exchange. While the West African people were defending themselves from foreign attacks (external challenges), the Russians were dealing with internal challenges. European introduced labor systems included various types of. Chattel slavery: Societies throughout history have used slave labor. Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Coercion, Plantation zone, Plantation Complex and more. As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. Anita had (*spend*) a long evening baby-sitting the active two-year-old. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. More from Heimler's History:AP World History ULTIMATE REVIEW PACKET: https://www.ultimatereviewpacket.com/courses/world-historyAP Essay CRAM Course: https://. In what ways did Europe's interest in trade affect the population? served as transmitters of science and technology to China, group of samurai who were left leaderless; avenged their master's honor. European colonizers who traveled to the Americas blazed new and disturbing paths, such as the encomienda system of forced labor and the use of tens of thousands of Africans as slaves. Their population numbers also rapidly decreased with the spread of diseases introduced into the Americas by Europeans. Frost's investment adviser has recommended an increased international equity exposure. The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. Russia had expanded to the East of Europe and Asia and to the Pacific Coast. The lease agreement for the $4 million (fair value and present value of the lease payments) machine specified four equal payments at the end of each year. Modern Key Takeaways AP World History Period 1 (1200-1450) The spread of religion, aided by the increase in trade, often acted as a unifying social force. Labor systems. Attempts at reform. 2. Americas that was in the process of Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like THESIS for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750., first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750., second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. and more. Ottoman society was complex. to slavery except for the slaves (more or less Spain, Portugal, and the creation of a global economy (Opens a modal) Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. This system was developed to allow serfs It fell due to inflation, cost of Janissaries, and too much tax. Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. rebellions Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. ShoeCrafter,Inc.\textbf{Shoe Crafter, Inc.} Maybe. Therefore, I prefer to purchase any international equity securities in my "speculative" account, my best chance at becoming rich. For example, the Kongo was in decline. Serfdom had become the great moral and political issue for the government by the 1840's, but is still might have lasted many more years if it wasn't for the Crimean War (1853-1856). Required: 1. How did the Atlantic Slave Trade impact the economy? By this contract, a four-year-old girl became a servant in Quebec in 1703. The labor systems established during 1450-1750 were key factors in how they were able to do so. a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally-organized direct opposition in force. This is also known as the. Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. Flashcards. 1861 was when the serfdom officially ended Because of internal conflict and lack of food, the Maya empire . Justifications for slavery. This is the period in Africa where European contact starts. Terms in this set (10) Coercion. The middle class grew. The Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan only allowed the Dutch to trade in Japan through one port. Bound to the lord on a hereditary basis, the peasant serf was little more than a slave. A system instituted by Spain in which residents of Indian villages remained legally free and entitled to wages, but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year; replaced the encomienda system in 1550. farmers paid in vouchers that could only be used at landowner's stores. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. Apart of the Triangular Trade where Africans were on their way to the New World. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? c. International investments are inherently more risky. How did the Protestant Reformation impact the social class? Growing dissent among oppressed and poor populations pushed European states to invest in exploration and trade. Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. They were called Cossacks. The Spanish conquest of the New World and establishment of profitable colonies led to a restructuring of the social order. Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. Learn. How did issues and tensions emerging from World War I create the anger and violence of $1919$. As a result, practices of polygamy were more common. Both groups would experience a, In Russia, the social classes were similar to the rest of Europe, except that they continued to practice serfdom. As of January 1, 2020, Abernethys land had a fair value of$90,000, its buildings were valued at $160,000, and its equipment was appraised at$180,000. peoples. It is considered one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in Chinese history, and it is remembered for its cultural achievements and its strong and centralized government. Plantation agriculture and mining operations require a lot of workers. They were essentially peasants to the Spanish. New World settlers of European descent born in the New World, people of European and African descent ancestry, middle-level status between Europeans and pure minorities (made up of mezitos and mulattoes), king's representatives in the New World who were given much leeway their ability to rule in the name of Spain or Portugal, system which gave encomenderos, or Spanish settlers, the right to force natives to work, system of forced labor in Peru, used as a basis by the Europeans to create a new forced labor system on the natives, practice of Europeans to essentially sell years of their freedom in exchange for passage to the New World, the dramatic widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations (including slaves), communicable diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World to New World), clockwise network of sea routes between Africa, America, and Europe, the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa were taken to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. Test. Although the world's productive systems continued to be heavily centered on agricultural production throughout this period, major changes occurred in agricultural labor, the systems and locations of manufacturing, gender and social structures, and environmental processes. The collapse of the Byzantine Empire. American Food Services, Inc., leased a packaging machine from Barton and Barton Corporation. The original intent of the system was to Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450-1750. Unit 3 - 600 . A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philippines, including the right to use Native Americans as . Many revolts sprung up against land owners Before 1492, the Americas were isolated from Africa, Europe, and Asia. Topic 4.5 Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. Popes Rebellion and The Pueblo revolt Match. As a result, Europeans turned to the African slave tradethe first enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas in the 16th century. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. Labor systems. Many farmers were in a consistent state of debt to the hacienda owner. **Example 1**. the They could not be relocated to more profitable worksites nor bought or sold in the market. Underline the word in parentheses that correctly completes the meaning of each sentence below. Largely a kingdom of city-states that worked for mutual benefit, the Maya were able to build large temples, cities, and trade networks. doesnt work for money, but to pay off a loan, or I do not want them in my retirement account, which has to protect me from poverty in my old age. Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. In theory, the heads of encomienda did not own native lands. Based on past poor performance, I want to sell all my remaining international equity securities once their market prices rise to equal their original cost. Finally, a new elite class emerged called the. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. road work and military service. Cash crop agriculture: Europeans first produced cash crops on large commercial plantations on the islands (Canary, Cape Verde, and the Azores) of the Western African coast in the 15th century. Armies grew and warfare technology advanced. Portuguese prince who was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents, Portuguese ship that was small but strong. How did social hierarchies change in this time? (T/F). The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. Lessons. During the time period between 1450 and 1750 C.E., the two hemispheres were linked and for the first time in world history, long-distance trade became truly worldwide. Changes in Trade. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. While indentured servants living conditions were rough, they had some legal protections that prevented them from the worst exploitation and violence in other American forced and slave labor systems. Was there a faster route going west? Decline in the power of nomadic groups. However, the Americas suffered massive depopulation because of the spread of disease. 1. the act of freeing slaves, done at the will of the owner. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750. Unit IV Important Changes and Continuities 14, World History and Geography: Modern Times. the increase in input prices. New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth. Terms in this set (81) . Prepare an amortization schedule for the four-year term of the lease. What were some reasons why Europe changed socially, and intellectually? Between 1200 and 1450, many of the modern states today were formed as powerful kingdoms replaced localism. Many people who left their villages for mita labor under the Spanish never returned. Between 1450 and 1750, the Americas began to mark their place in the world, proving they were just as relevant as Europe, Africa, or Asia. A slave who ran away from his or her master. trades of slaves and other goods between africa, England, europe, the west Indies, and the new world, most glorious Ottoman emperor (ruled 1520-1566), young Christian boys who became bureaucratic slaves to the sultan (Janissaries), head of the imperial Ottoman bureaucracy; took care of day-to-day work, descendant of Timur and Gengis Khan; founded the Mughal Empire, descendants of the Timurids who began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of India by the late 17th and early 18th centuries. revolts Technological improvements in shipbuilding and gunpowder weapons allowed European empires to form and exercise a more . Monopoly control allowed him to control the prices Europeans had to pay. Flashcards. Topic 4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750; Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750; Unit 4 Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450 - 1750 Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change . For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. Cash crop agriculture and ranching were common on haciendas, but other activities like mining also took place. The Atlantic Slave Trade sold slaves but when in Africa, Europeans struck and traded tons of gold.